1. Definition:

A UPS is an electrical device that provides backup power and surge protection to electronic equipment when the primary power source fails or becomes unstable. It delivers instantaneous power to connected devices by drawing energy from a battery or other energy storage systems, ensuring continuous power flow during power interruptions.

2. Types of UPS Systems:

• Offline/Standby UPS: This is the most basic type of UPS. It remains idle until a power failure is detected, at which point it switches to battery power. It is used for personal computers, small office equipment, and other low-power devices.

• Line-Interactive UPS: This type of UPS has a built-in voltage regulator that corrects minor power fluctuations (overvoltages or undervoltages) without switching to battery power. It is commonly used for servers, networking equipment, and other devices that require stable power.

• Online/Double-Conversion UPS: The most advanced type of UPS, it continuously converts incoming AC power to DC and then back to AC, ensuring a clean and stable power supply. This type of UPS is used for critical systems such as data centers, medical equipment, and industrial machinery.