1. Definition:

Solar energy refers to the radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using various technologies like photovoltaic (PV) panels, solar thermal energy, and solar water heating. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source, reducing dependence on traditional fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact.

2. Types of Solar Systems:

• Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Systems: PV systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials like silicon. The energy generated can be used to power homes, businesses, and even large-scale operations. These systems can be grid-connected or off-grid.

• Solar Thermal Systems: These systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight, generating heat that is then used to produce steam for electricity generation or direct heating applications, such as water heaters and space heating.

• Concentrated Solar Power (CSP): CSP systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area, converting it into heat that drives a turbine connected to an electrical power generator.

• Solar Water Heaters: These systems use sunlight to heat water, either for domestic use or in industrial processes, offering an efficient alternative to conventional water heating methods.