They control, store, or modify the flow of electrical signals, ensuring functionality in consumer electronics, industrial machines, automotive systems, and more.

Description

1. Passive Components:

   • Resistors: Limit or regulate the flow of electric current in a circuit.
   • Capacitors: Store and release electrical energy, commonly used in filtering or stabilizing voltage.
   • Inductors: Store energy in a magnetic field when electrical current passes through, often used in power supply circuits.

2. Active Components:

   • Transistors: Act as amplifiers or switches, fundamental in computing and signal processing.
   • Diodes: Allow current to flow in one direction, used in rectification and protection circuits.
   • Integrated Circuits (ICs): Miniaturized circuits containing numerous components, used in processors, memory, and other applications.

3. Electromechanical Components:

   • Switches: Manually or automatically open/close circuits to control electrical flow.
   • Relays: Electrically operated switches used for controlling high-power devices with a low-power signal.