Heating: The metal is usually heated to a specific temperature to make it malleable and easier to shape. The heating temperature varies depending on the type of metal and the desired forging process.
Forging Operations: The heated metal is subjected to compressive forces using various forging techniques:
Open Die Forging: Involves shaping the metal between two flat or contoured dies, allowing the material to flow freely. This method is commonly used for large components and simple shapes.
Closed Die Forging (Impression Die Forging): The metal is placed in a cavity (die) that has the shape of the final part. The dies are closed, and the metal is compressed into the die cavity, creating more complex shapes with higher precision.

This process enhances the strength, durability, and mechanical properties of the metal, making it suitable for critical applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, and manufacturing. Forging is used to produce components with high structural integrity and can be performed at various temperatures, including cold, warm, and hot forging.